Control system or control system refers to a set of tools and arrangements that are used to control and manage the behavior of processes and systems. The basic condition of a control system is that it should be stable.
In general, the types of control systems are divided as follows:
1- Direct Digital Control (DDC) system
2- Distributed Control System or DCS
3- Programmable Logic Controllers or PLC system
4- Fieldbus Control Systems or FCS
In the meantime, the centralized control system or DDC, which has direct control over every input or output through a computer, is generally obsolete.
DDC control system
The DDC control system came into being in the middle of the nineties to support analog systems. In these systems, the system is connected with the operator through a keyboard and display. All control components such as sensors, controllers and actuators are directly connected to the computer and all of them receive or send their communication signals through the computer. It is clear that the central computer has the ability to process a large amount of all kinds of variables, but this ability also has a limit, and the excessive increase of data and the formation of complex loops affect the performance and speed of the computer, causing its performance to drop and problems to occur in the system. will be controlled.
DCS control system
This system entered the topic of process control in the mid-nineties and in fact to complete the DDC systems. A distributed control system is a system whose operation is distributed instead of being concentrated in one point. The components of a distributed control system are a number of microprocessor modules that work together to control and monitor the performance of a system. According to the computers, they are placed according to the environment of the site, so it reduces the cost of installation and wiring.
FCS control system
In 1985, the American Instrumentation Association established a standard for two-way digital communication between control systems and instrumentation, which has been completed until today as the "Fieldbus Physical Layer Standard" and has been available since 1990.
With the creation of Fieldbus and its related standards, control systems are managed in a fully distributed manner. Fieldbus also enables the transmission of equipment needs by a pair of wires in addition to the possibility of communicating signals between the precision instrument equipment in the control room and the site, which leads to significant savings in wiring costs and cable trays. Fieldbus is a standard communication protocol between the control room equipment and the site. The same protocol in the fieldbus network allows the products of different companies to be connected and work in the same network.
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